By Associate Professor Sue Harris-Rimmer
Griffith Law School
South-east Queensland (SEQ) has just hosted the Commonwealth Games and is preparing to bid for the 2032 Olympic Games. As a successful bid brings the potential of spending around $12 billion of taxpayers’ money, Susan Harris Rimmer asks whether SEQ can think harder about human rights and social infrastructure.
In 2016, SEQ Council of Mayors began discussing the possibility of placing a bid to host the 2028 Games.
The Mayors of SEQ then released their Olympic Pre-feasibility Analysis Report, which indicates the region has the capability and capacity to successfully bid for and host the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games, but the 2028 Games went to Paris.
Following the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games, the Courier Mail reported last week that the Future of SEQ may be boosted by hosting the Olympics in 2032, Australia’s last chance after Sydney and Melbourne as previous hosts. All the reports were about physical infrastructure — transport, stadiums, hotels.
I argue that after a series of disgraceful practices at previous sporting events, human rights violations must be taken seriously as a risk to the success of these events, and also as a positive part of the legacy of a host. Could SEQ be the first to promise and deliver a fully human-rights compliant Olympic Games? Now that would be a gold medal outcome in every sense.
About Human Rights and Mega-Sporting Events
Mega-sporting events (MSEs) should be able to provide evidence of a human rights legacy: job creation, urban regeneration, new public housing, increased sports participation, and improved attitudes towards people with disabilities. However, the evidence that sporting events are in themselves intrinsically human rights promoting or apolitical events does not bear up to scrutiny.
Hosting a MSE makes the host face increased human rights scrutiny on areas of existing weakness (in Australia’s case, refugee policy, indigenous rights, rights of public assembly). For example, the 1986 Games were boycotted by many nations due to Prime Minister Thatcher’s refusal to impose sanctions on the apartheid regime in South Africa
Sport itself is the subject of international human rights law. The International Olympic Committee and Commonwealth Games Federation both now havehuman rights regulationin their host city manuals and bid processes that will start to kick in during the next decade.
If Australia wishes to host more MSEs, this is an area of practice that needs rigour and investment.
Learning from the Commonwealth Games
Gold Coast 2018 (GC2018) was the largest sporting event staged in Australia this decade. More than 6,600 athletes and team officials from 70 Commonwealth nations and territories came to Queensland. They were joined by in excess of 3,000 international media, 15,000 volunteers, a security force of 10,000 and over 1.5 million spectators, 670,000 from overseas. There was a broadcast audience of around 1.5 billion. How should we evaluate thehuman rights legacyof the Commonwealth Games, beyond the ‘inspiration’factor? What can we learn for an Olympics bid in 2032?
The good news
There were some visible moments of human rights triumphs during these Games:
- The Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation (GOLDOC) did some ground-breaking work on a creating a meaningfulhuman rights policy.
- GOLDOC took part in an Australian-first benchmarking program designed to measure the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex (LGBTI) people within Australian sport.
- The GC2018 Games can make claims proudly about the first major sporting event in history to have equal events and medal chances for men and women. This brought more focus on gender equality issues for the delegations. It also brought into sharp relief the highly challenging & complex questions aroundtransgender and Intersexathletes competing, where due process and dignity are paramount concerns.
- Para athletes participating in mainstream events set a precedent at these Games, sparking a movement to reform the Olympics in the same manner. An exemplary moment was Kurt Fearnley’sspeechafter winning a silver medal, on bringing the topic of the rights of people living with disabilities into our daily lives: “Inclusion’s working, we’re nailing this… Let’s take the conversation further”
- TheReconciliation Action Planis an Australian first for a MSE. GOLDOC established the Yugambeh Elders Advisory Group and the Indigenous Working Group.
- The London Olympics took strides, but GC2018 can take pride in its Sustainable Procurement Policy.
- GOLDOC worked with UNICEF to create a Safe-Guarding Children policy.
- Queensland Tourism and the Gold Coast City Council created an Accessible Tourism website andresources.
The bad news
There were more questionable moments, from the Mayor of the Gold Coast opening the games whilst under anactive corruption investigation, sexual assaultchargesagainst a senior delegation official who then left the country, and anextraordinary security presencedespite no particular threat that raised civil liberties concerns.
Generally speaking, Australia should not use MSEs as an opportunity to trial new security measures or experiment with counter-terrorism techniques, and stop the overly securitised nature of these events. Outside the netball stadium, I counted double the number of police/army uniforms to punters.
Thearrestof Stolen Wealthprotestors, including youth detaineeDylan Voller, also showed the darker side of thehistory of the Games. The Commonwealth Games were never just about sport, but also about the influence of the British Empire. The MSEs held in Australia have always been the site of indigenous protest.
Another site of public contention and comment during the Games was theabsconding of some athletes from the Village, possibly with the view of claiming asylum. It is a regular feature of MSEs in developed countries that athletes may make refugee claims,as is their rightunder international law. The treatment of these people after their visas expire will be another moment of international judgment. Two Ugandans are set for deportation this month.
Behind the scenes, the GC2018 made history in its human rights framework, but there is still so much further to go for future Games. What if the most lasting legacy of GC2018 was thenormative infrastructureit leaves for future hosts? How will we know if the local community are better off in the long-term and by whose measures? An Olympics bid could explore that issue more fully and deepen our own nation-branding and place-branding with real integrity.
The Games highlighted the deep and urgent need for the Queensland Government to honour its election promise to pass aHuman Rights Actthis term. Australia has no comprehensive human rights protections at either federal or state level, but has some institutional protection of rights and anti-discrimination measures; a “patchwork”. By 2032, if the Act is passed, we will have credible human rights architecture to offer as part of our bid.
The way forward
The missing link in the protection of human rights at MSEs is still the right to a remedy if rights are infringed. Will the assault of an athlete on film still receive impunity by 2032?
Some of the human rights issues that arise from hosting the Games cannot be resolved by the host alone, due to the ‘phoenix’ nature of the organising bodies. The Olympics should encourage the use of partnerships with national and local integrity mechanisms (national human rights institutions, ombudsman, civil society organisations, welfare providers) as well as international actors who can bring expertise but also add a degree of legitimacy to the Games human rights reputation.
Improved governance and modelling of human rights protection, education and promotion can itself be a Games Legacy. The Olympic Games should aim for sporting excellence but also seek to use the Games to strengthen human rights protection in the host nation and celebrate progress towards achieving better human right standards. A legacy worth celebrating.